Refiner



July 19, 1938. R. c. BENNER ET AL 2,124,393

" REFINER I Filed Nov. 14, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. RAYMONDQ'BENNER ALBERT L. BALL.

ATTORNEY.

July 19, 1938. R. c. BENNER ET AL 2,124,393

REFINEF. I

Filed Nov. 14, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2

INVENTOR.

RAYMOND C. BENNER ALBERT L. BALL ATTORNEY.

p 40 Figure 2 is a perspective Patented July 19,1938 I ATEN ors caREFINER Raymond 0. Banner, Niagara Falls, and Albert L.

Ball, Lewiston, 'N. Y., assignors, by mesneassignments, to TheCarborundum Company; Ni-

agara'Falls, N. Y., a

corporation of Delaware Application November 14, 1935, Serial No. 49.104

1 Claim.

This invention relates to the class of machines commonly referred toas-refiners, refining engines, Jordan refiners or'Jordan engines, andhas for its purpose the provision of a machine with superior operatingcharacteristics.

Machines of this class mentioned above are used for the refinement offibrous materials, such as wood pulp and are used to a large extent insalvaging material too coarse to be used 'in the manufacture of paper.

It has been known that a refiner in which the shell was lined withbonded abrasive material and the plug was made of bonded abrasivematerial would operate more satisfactorily than the previously knownrefiners, in which metal bars or knives were used in the shell and onthe plug. The previous refiners in which bonded abrasives were used werefound to have certain disadvantages because both the shell lining andthe plug were unyielding; that is, there was no resiliency in the liningor in the plug. As a consequence of this rigidity the linings and plugshave ,worn out quite rapidly and the quality of fibre produced has beeninferior.

In accordance with the presentinventiomeither the shell lining, theplugyor both the shell lining and the plug are made resilient. Thus, thegap between the shell lining and the plug, which gap ordinarily is quitesmall, enlarges slightly when 30 more than the usual amount oi pulp, orpulp of greater consistency, is forced through the machine. The enlargedgap results in less wear on the parts and also permits of betterrefining, with less cutting up of the'fibrous material.

35 A better understanding of the invention will be had by reference tothe accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a broken awayview of apart of a shell and its lining;

in accordance with the invention; Figure 3 is a broken away view of apart of a shell and another type of lining; and 45 Figure 4' is aperspective view or a plugin which a modification of the invention isutilized. I 'In Figure 1, the metal .shell I is shown with blocks ofbonded abrasive material 2 attached thereto by means of a layer ofrubber I, which 5 is tough and resilient. The rubber also extends.between the abrasive blocks and thus furtheradds to the resiliency ofthe structure.

The method by which the abrasive blocks are attached to the metalshellis the same as the 55 methodwell-known in the art. however, a briefview of a .plug made.

(01. lib-27) description of this method is included here for the purposeof clarity and completeness.

The shell is first sand-blasted in order to re-.

move scale and the like and to produce a clean, bright surface. If nottouched by the hands or if not allowed to come in contact in any waywith oils or greases or the like, the Sande-blasted surface is ready toruse as is,- but otherwise it should be washed oil with gasoline, napthaor other grease removing material. The bright metal surface is thencoated with a cement suitable for promoting the adherence of rubber tometal. A layer of unvulcanized rubber compound approximately one-fourth(V inch thick is then applied to the cement coated surface of the shelland is carefully rolled to squeeze out any air bubbles that may gather.-Apsuitable type of rubber for the purpose is that known in the rub berart as treadstock.

The surfaces of the abrasive blocks that are to be joined, either one toanother or to the metal shell, are, then coated with the rubber cementreferred to above. The blocks are then placed on the layer of rubberapplied to the shell and asimilar layer of rubber is placed between theadjacent blocks. When the entire shell has been fitted with blocks. inthe manner Just described, a suitable mandrel can be inserted to applypressure to the blocks, whereby they are forced into intimate contactwith the layer of rubber, and

then heat can be applied tocure the rubber and bind the'blocks,

The method by which the rubber is vulcane ized is a matter of choice andconvenience because it can be done by any of the methods well known inthe rubber art.

The assembly of the plug illustrated in Figure 2 is carried out in thes'amegeneral manner as was just described for the shell of Figure 1. Inthis case the shaft II is given a bright, clean surface by sand-blastingand washing with grease solvent if necessary. Then the abrasive segmentsll forming the frusto-conical abrasive member are applied to the shaltwith their fiutes II in alignment after .the same has been coated withsuitable rubber cement and rubber. Here again a layer of rubber.isapplied between the abrasive members. The layer of rubber l2 shownbetween the blocks II and between the blocks II and the, shaft} II isoftough resilient nature when cured. Such a material is the tread stockknown to the rubber art. I

The modification shown in Figure 3 differs from that shown in Figure lin that relatively small pieces of bonded. abrasive material are usedinstead of large blocks as in the former figure, and that these smallerpieces are held in place and to the metal shell by a matrix of rubber 2I instead of by a layer of rubber. The relatively small abrasive piecescan be of regular or irregular shape. The blocks being resilient, do notrequire the resilient layer of rubber although the same may be used toobtain a higher degree of resiliency than that obtained by the use of arubber matrix.

In Figure 4 is shown a modified form of plug in which relatively smallpieces of bonded abrasive 3| are held in a matrix of rubber 32. As inthe modification of shell lining shown in Figure 3, the layer of rubberbetween the metal shaft l0 and the abrasive member can be dispensedwith, although it may be used if it is desired to obtain additionalresiliency.

As is already well known in the art, a refiner comprises a shell and aplug rotatably mounted within the said shell, and usually the interiorat least of the shell is of frusto-conical shape. The

plug for a frusto-conical shell also is of frustoconical shape and fitsvery closely into the said shell.

In carrying out the present invention either of the types of shellillustrated may be used with either of the types of plug, alsoillustrated. If desired, however, a conventional abrasive plug may becombined with either of the types of shell illustrated, or aconventional abrasive shell can. be combined with either of the types ofplug illustrated.

A close fit between the shell and plug is obtained by rotating the plugwithin the shell while fine abrasive granules, such as sand, emery,silicon carbide or fused alumina, and water are forced between the saidshell and said plug. This trues up the two surfaces so that they presentonly a small gap, and at the same time roughs the surfaces so that theyproduce a greater refinlug action.

As has been stated above, a refiner'built according to the presentinvention has advantages of considerable merit. The stock recovered froma machine embodying the present invention makes a better sheet of paperbecause the fibres, although of less thickness, are of greater lengthand are well frayed. These longer, well frayed fibres mat well andproduce a strong, smooth sheet of paper.

The present lnvention also has the advantage of givinglonger life to theabrasive members by reducing the wear upon them. The resiliencyof theabrasive member or members provides a gap that expands as the loadincreases and hence produces a path of greater area through which thestock may pass. Consequently, the pressure and shock exerted upon theabrasive face is less and the wear is reduced.

Other advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art. andit also will become apparent that other modifications than thoseillustrated and described can be constructed without departing from thescope of the invention, which is defined by the following claim.

We claim:

A pulp refining engine comprising in combination, a metal shell, alining for said shell consisting of bonded abrasive blocks, asubstantially continuous layer of tough, resilient, vulcanized rubberbetween said blocks and between said blocks and said shell, the saidblocks being attached to said shell by the said layer of rubber, and aplug of bonded abrasive material rotatably mounted within said shell.

' RAYMOND C. BENNER.

ALBERT L. BALL.

